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- Functional Anatomy ↓
- Tubuloacinar gland structure with a variety of cell types, including intermingled Islets of Langerhans
- Parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves are distributed to islets and acini
- Cells’ secretions are controlled by endocrine and autonomic nervous activities
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| - Exocrine Functions ↓ |
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- Mediated by secretin and cholecystokinin formed by duodenal and jejunal epithelium
- Acinar cells secrete amylase, lipase, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase, and Cl-
- Ductal cells secrete HCO3-
- Some secretomotor input comes from vagal parasympathetic fibers
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| - Endocrine Functions ↓ | |
- Alpha cells secrete glucagon
- Beta cells (central islets) secrete insulin
- Delta cells secrete somatostatin
- F or PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide
- Islet cells also produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), serotonin, neuropeptide Y, and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)
- 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) and streptozocin chemotherapy work well for all
- Insulinoma
- Most common islet cell tumor, >85% benign
- symptoms (Whipple’s triad): fasting hypoglycemia, hypoglycemic symptoms (catechol surge, elevated heart rate, sweating), relieved by glucose
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