Dyspnea on Exertion in a 46-Year-Old Man

A 46-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 5-day history of progressively worsening breathlessness on exertion and mild, general flulike symptoms. He also complains about night sweats and an intermittent low-grade fever, both of which started about 2 weeks ago.

http://cme.medscape.com/viewarticle/732708?src=emed_case_nl_0&uac=149212BX

Muscle Contraction Mechanism(Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction

Interleukin

Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins/signaling molecules) that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes).
The majority of interleukins are synthesized by helper CD4+ T lymphocytes, as well as through monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. They promote the development and differentiation of T, B, and hematopoietic cells.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin?wasRedirected=true

Fever and Joint Pain in a 48-Year-Old Man

A 48-year-old man presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 10-day history of intermittent subjective fever and pain in his hands. He has also noticed 2 swollen and painful areas on his thumbs. Concurrently with the fever, he reports weakness, malaise, watery diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, and intermittent vomiting.





http://cme.medscape.com/viewarticle/731210?src=emed_case_nl_0&uac=149212BX

A 34-Year-Old Woman With Headache, Dizziness, and Poor Coordination

http://cme.medscape.com/viewarticle/730607?src=emed_case_nl_0&uac=149212BX

Tonicity

Tonicity is a measure of the osmotic pressure (as defined by the water potential of the two solutions) of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.

facilitated diffusion

facilitated diffusion The transport of molecules across the plasma membrane of a living cell by a process that involves a specific transmembrane carrier (see transport protein) located within the plasma membrane but does not require expenditure of energy by the cell.