Laplace's Law and Pascal's Law

plac's Law is principle of physics that the tension on the wall of a sphere is the product of the pressure times the radius of the chamber and the tension is inversely related to the thickness of the wall.

Pascal's principle requires that the pressure is everywhere the same inside the balloon at equilibrium.

Prostate Anatomy

 Fig. 1 Axial section of prostate and periprostatic fascias at midprostate: (a) anatomic (reproduced with permission from the Mayo Clinic); (b) schematic.
AFS = anterior fibromuscular stroma; C = capsule of prostate; DA = detrusor apron; DVC = dorsal vascular complex; ED = ejaculatory ducts; FTAP = fascial tendinous arch of pelvis; LA = levator ani muscle; LAF = levator ani fascia; NVB = neurovascular bundle; PB = pubic bone; PEF = parietal endopelvic fascia; PF = prostatic fascia; pPF/SVF = posterior prostatic fascia/seminal vesicles fascia (Denonvilliers’ fascia); PZ = peripheral zone; R = rectum; TZ = transition zone; U = urethra; VEF = visceral endopelvic fascia.

 Fig. 2 Midline sagittal section of prostate, bladder, urethra, and striated sphincter: (a) anatomic (reproduced with permission from the Mayo Clinic); (b) schematic.
B = bladder; C = capsule of prostate; CS = colliculus seminalis (verumontanum); DA = detrusor apron; DVC = dorsal vascular complex; MDR = medial dorsal raphe; PS = pubic symphysis; pPF/SVF = posterior prostatic fascia/seminal vesicle fascia (Denonvilliers’ fascia); R = rectum; RU = rectourethralis muscle; SMS = smooth muscle sphincter (lissosphincter); SS = striated sphincter (rhabdosphincter); U = urethra; VEF = visceral endopelvic fascia; VPM = vesicoprostatic muscle.

 Fig. 3 Axial section of sphincteric urethra: (a) anatomic (reproduced with permission from the Mayo Clinic); (b) schematic.
DVC = dorsal vascular complex; LAF = levator ani fascia; MDR = median dorsal raphe; NVB = neurovascular bundle; PB = pubic bone; PV/PPL = pubovesical/puboprostatic ligament; pp = puboperinealis muscle; PR = puborectalis muscle; R = rectum; RU = rectourethralis muscle; SS = striated sphincter (rhabdosphincter); C SMS = circular smooth muscle sphincter (lissosphincter); L SMS = longitudinal smooth muscle sphincter (lissosphincter); U = urethra; VEF = visceral endopelvic fascia.

Fig. 5 Coronal section of prostate, sphincteric urethra, periprostatic fascias, and associated musculature: (a) anatomic (reproduced with permission from the Mayo Clinic); (b) schematic.
B = bladder; C = capsule of prostate; CS = colliculus seminalis (verumontanum); CZ = central zone; ED = ejaculatory duct; LA = levator ani muscle; LAF = levator ani fascia; NVB = neurovascular bundle; OI = obturator internus muscle; PEF = parietal endopelvic fascia; PF = prostatic fascia; PZ = peripheral zone; SMS = smooth muscle sphincter (lissosphincter); SS = striated sphincter (rhabdosphincter); SV = seminal vesicle; U = urethra; VD = vas deferens; VP = vascular pedicle to prostate.

Descending of Testis

Antibiotic Action

antibiotic classification

These new antibiotics are of the following three classes: cyclic lipopeptides (daptomycin), glycylcyclines (tigecycline), and oxazolidinones (linezolid). Tigecycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, whereas the two others are used for Gram-positive infections

Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing

Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing (KB testing or disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing) is a test which uses antibiotic-impregnated wafers to test whether particular bacteria are susceptible to specific antibiotics. A known quantity of bacteria are grown on agar plates in the presence of thin wafers containing relevant antibiotics. If the bacteria are susceptible to a particular antibiotic, an area of clearing surrounds the wafer where bacteria are not capable of growing (called a zone of

Stage of lymphoma

Anemia Diagnosis

Guistilo-Anderson classification

type of fracture

HIV life cycle

exophthalmos mechanism